Gynecology
Evidence-based articles on Gynecology โ conditions, diagnostic approaches, treatments and what to expect from China's specialist hospitals.
Endometriosis: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment
Endometriosis affects approximately 10% of women of reproductive age โ 190 million women worldwide โ yet it takes an average of 7โ10 years from symptom onset to diagnosis. This guide covers the biology of endometriosis and adenomyosis, the spectrum from painful periods to deep infiltrating endometriosis and infertility, diagnosis by laparoscopy and MRI, and treatment from hormonal suppression to surgical excision and IVF.
Ovarian Cancer: Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment
Ovarian cancer is the fifth leading cause of cancer death in women and the most lethal gynaecological malignancy โ largely because most cases are diagnosed at an advanced stage when symptoms appear. This guide covers the biology of epithelial ovarian cancer, early warning symptoms, staging by CT and surgical assessment, and the full treatment pathway from cytoreductive surgery to platinum-based chemotherapy, PARP inhibitors, and bevacizumab.
Uterine Fibroids: Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment
Uterine fibroids (leiomyomas) are the most common benign tumours in women, affecting up to 70% of women by age 50. This guide covers why fibroids develop, how their location determines symptoms (heavy periods, pelvic pressure, subfertility), how ultrasound and MRI diagnose and map fibroids, and the full treatment spectrum from hormonal therapy to hysteroscopic resection, uterine artery embolisation, and myomectomy.
Cervical Cancer: HPV, Screening and Treatment
Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women worldwide and the most preventable major cancer โ almost entirely caused by persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. This guide covers HPV vaccination, cervical screening by Pap smear and HPV testing, colposcopy and biopsy, and treatment from LLETZ for pre-cancer through radical hysterectomy, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy for invasive disease.
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